EN Variable, data types and operators in Python

Learn about variables, data types, and operators in Python. Practical examples and applications.

Working with data in Python begins with understanding the basic elements of the language, such as variables, data types, and operators. Variables allow for storing and manipulating data, data types define the kind of information being stored, and operators enable performing operations on this data.

Variables in Python

Creating and Assigning Values

In Python, variables are created automatically when assigning a value. We don’t need to declare their types in advance, which makes the language very flexible.

x = 5

y = "Hello, World!"

z = 3.14

Naming Variables

When naming variables, it’s important to follow a few rules:

age = 30

Age = 25

_age = 40

Data Types in Python

Python supports several basic data types that are essential for working with various kinds of data.

Numeric Types

int: integers

age = 25

float: floating-point numbers

pi = 3.14

complex: complex numbers

complex_number = 2 + 3j

Text Type

str: strings

name = "John Doe"

Boolean Type

bool: boolean values (True/False)

is_active = True

Sequence Types

list: lists

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

tuple: tuples

coordinates = (10.0, 20.0)

range: ranges

range_of_numbers = range(1, 10)

Mapping Type

dict: dictionaries

person = {

    "name": "John",

    "age": 30,

    "city": "New York"

}


Operators in Python

Operators in Python allow for performing various operations on variables and values. Here are some of the most important types of operators:

Arithmetic Operators

They allow for performing basic mathematical operations.

a = 10

b = 5

# Addition

print(a + b)  # Output: 15

# Subtraction

print(a - b)  # Output: 5

# Multiplication

print(a * b)  # Output: 50

# Division

print(a / b)  # Output: 2.0

# Modulo (remainder)

print(a % b)  # Output: 0

# Exponentiation

print(a ** b)  # Output: 100000

Comparison Operators

They are used to compare values.

a = 10

b = 5

print(a == b)  # Output: False

print(a != b)  # Output: True

print(a > b)   # Output: True

print(a < b)   # Output: False

print(a >= b)  # Output: True

print(a <= b)  # Output: False

Logical Operators

They are used for logical operations.

a = True

b = False

print(a and b)  # Output: False

print(a or b)   # Output: True

print(not a)    # Output: False

Assignment Operators

They are used to assign values to variables.

a = 10

a += 5  # Same as a = a + 5

print(a)  # Output: 15

a -= 3  # Same as a = a - 3

print(a)  # Output: 12

a *= 2  # Same as a = a * 2

print(a)  # Output: 24

a /= 4  # Same as a = a / 4

print(a)  # Output: 6.0

Checklist of Basic Operations in Python

  1. Creating Variables: Assigning values to variables.
  2. Naming Variables: Rules for creating variable names.
  3. Data Types: int, float, str, bool, list, tuple, dict.
  4. Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %, **.
  5. Comparison Operators: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=.
  6. Logical Operators: and, or, not.
  7. Assignment Operators: =, +=, -=, *=, /=.

Conclusion

Understanding variables, data types, and operators in Python is crucial for working efficiently with data. Python offers a simple and intuitive syntax that makes performing complex data operations easy. I hope this article helped you understand the basic elements of Python and encouraged you to learn more. I encourage you to experiment with the code and discover how Python can simplify your work with data.

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